Genomic selection is a promising breeding technique that aims to improve the efficiency and speed of the breeding process in crops such as field and vegetable. Genome wide association studies, by contrast, are used to identify genes or QTLs that underlie traits of importance to breeding such as agronomic, quality, biotic and abiotic stress has been performed successfully in crops. Here, we experiment with applying genomic selection in conjunction with genome wide association studies to breeding program at the Gaametech Pvt.Ltd and show that genomic selection can result in more accurate predictions of breeding line performance than pedigree data alone. Genetic markers linked to specific value traits can be used to screen large numbers of progeny to identify those with desired characteristics.
We construct linkage maps using molecular markers to find the locations and relative positions of specific genes on nuclear chromosomes. The construction of detailed genetic maps with high levels of genome coverage is the first step for localizing genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) that are associated with economically important traits, marker assisted selection, comparative mapping between different species, a framework for anchoring physical maps and the basis for map-based cloning of genes. Highly reproducible, high throughput, codominant, and transferable molecular markers, genes identify their presence or absence in specific breeding lines.
DNA markers have enormous potential to improve the efficiency and precision of conventional plant breeding via marker-assisted selection (MAS). The large number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping studies for diverse crops species have provided an abundance of DNA marker trait associations. MAS is most widely used applications in plant breeding. We use data from early-generation DNA testing and pertinent phenotypic information to help select individuals with desirable traits for subsequent generations. Maximizing trait selection is vital for accurate product development and for reducing the time-to-market for new varieties.
We apply MABC to hasten gene introgression and the recovery of the recipient genome during backcrossing. Marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) in which the goal is to incorporate a major gene from an agronomically inferior source (donor-parent) into an elite cultivator or breeding line (recurrent parent). It is routinely applied in breeding programs for gene introgression. The goal of backcrossing in commercial agriculture applications is to move a single trait of interest such as drought tolerance, high productivity, or disease resistance from a donor parent to progeny. Marker-assisted backcrossing significantly accelerates backcrossing programs and reduces the time to release of commercially viable plant lines or breeding stock.
